Additional studies indicated that respondents use the frequency range of the scale in interpreting the meaning of ambiguous questions, and that diagnosticians' interpretation of a frequency report is also influenced by the range of the scale on which it was provided. In addition, they reported more optimistic expectations regarding future health when the range of response alternatives indicated that their own symptom frequency is below rather than above the presumed average in the population. Accordingly, 60 patients of a psychosomatie clinic reported higher symptom frequencies on a scale with high rather than low frequency response alternatives. They use these assumptions in estimating their own behavioral frequencies. Respondents assume that the range of the response alternatives presented to them reflects the researcher's knowledge about the distribution of the behavior in the population, with values in the middle range of the scale representing 'average' frequencies, and extreme values representing the extremes of the distribution. The impact of response alternatives on behavioral frequency reports and related judgments is explored. Alguns experimentos são apresentados para demonstrar a correta coleta de questionários pelo crawler, e a posterior extração das questões presentes nos questionários.
A base de dados criada pode depois, servir para a análise desses dados e/ou como uma base centralizada de exemplos para a elaboração de novos questionários ou ainda para o reuso de questões existentes. Visando isso, este trabalho propõe a criação de um Web Crawler, que varre a Web em busca de sites que possivelmente contenham questionários, e de um Extrator, capaz de extrair os questionários da lista de páginas coletadas pelo crawler e salvá-las em um banco de dados relacional. Alguns problemas na criação de tais questionários envolvem: decidir quais perguntas fazer, como fazê-las e como organizá-las. Questionários de pesquisa podem ser utilizados por empresas ou instituições para avaliar itens ou produtos, mediar a satisfação de seus funcionários/clientes, ou serem utilizados por pesquisadores para coleta de dados que podem ser usados em estudos. Most reports of survey results provide little information about these components, rendering it impossible for readers to assess their quality. Other elements of survey research, like interviewer behavior and training or the questionnaire pretesting, will only be touched upon in passing. It reviews key components of the question-answering process that apply to all self-reports, whether collected in a survey or in the psychological laboratory. The first part introduces the concept of a survey, describes elements of survey design, and addresses who to ask.
This chapter provides an introduction to these issues for consumers of published survey results. Accordingly, the processes underlying question answering and the appropriate selection of respondents are of great importance to many areas of social research.
Moreover, whom we ask is of crucial importance to our ability to draw conclusions that extend beyond the particular people who answered our questions.
Obviously, these data are only as meaningful as the questions we ask and the answers we receive. The answers provided to these questions serve as input into scientific analyses and provide the basis of statistical indicators used to describe the state of a society. When we want to learn about individuals' health behaviors, consumer habits, family problems, media consumption, values, or political beliefs, we ask appropriate questions. Much of what we know about human behavior is based on self-reports.
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